Abstract
Objectives: Childhood malnutrition is a major concern in developing countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the nutritional status and dietary habits of school children. Methods: This is a community based cross-sectional survey designed to evaluate nutritional status of students aged (5 - 19 years) in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, during September-December 2013. A two-stage sampling technique was done; 22 government schools were selected in the first stage. In the second stage, 1100 students were selected from the target population of the study. Weight, height, and age data were used to calculate z-scores of the three different nutritional indicators. Dietary habits were studied using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Underweight (WAZ < -2) and stunting (HAZ < -2) occurred in 10% and 53.2%, respectively. WAZ and HAZ mean scores of the children were -0.22 (SD = 1.39) and -2.09 (SD = 2.03), respectively. The malnourished children were classified on the basis of (WHO/NCHS) reference population BMI z-scores as being: 2.8% underweight (+2SD). Boys were more underweight (3%) than girls (2.2%). Conversely, girls tend to be more stunted (65.3%) compared to boys (59.9%) in the age group 10 - 14 years. Identified risk factors associated with malnutrition for those aged more than 10 years were: mother education (P-value = 0.03), father education (P-value = 0.04) and family size (P-value = 0.014). Conclusion and Recommendations: Child’s nutritional status is strongly associated with the literacy of both parents and family size. The prevalence of malnutrition can be reduced by implementation of school intervention programs for the socioeconomic development.
Highlights
Malnutrition is one of the most important global health problems, affecting large numbers of children in developing countries [1]
The results of the present study indicated that 10% of the children are underweight in comparison to (WHO/NCHS) reference population [15], the percent of weight-for age z-score (WAZ) < −2SD for boys and girls less than 10 years was Malnourished (< or >2SD) N = 403 (61.4%)
Consistent with other previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa [23] [26], our study showed stunting to be higher in male than in female children expect for the age group from 10 - 14 years
Summary
Malnutrition is one of the most important global health problems, affecting large numbers of children in developing countries [1]. Undernutrition alone is responsible for more than one-third of child deaths globally [2], and accounts for 11 percent of the global burden of disease. It is more prevalent in low and lower-middle income countries [3]. Malnutrition among school age children is a major public health concern. More than 200 million school age children are stunted and underweight; about one billion school children will be growing up by 2020 with impaired physical and mental development [4]
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