Abstract
The high moisture content of wet distillers’ grains with solubles (WDGS) has limited its feeding value despite the relatively high nutritive value. The co–ensiling with whole–plant maize, as a complementary feed, was evaluated for growing lambs by formulating diets whose contents were: whole plant maize silage (WPMS) + sunflower oilcake meal (SOM) (control, WPMS + SOM), whole plant maize silage + dried distillers’ grains (WPMS + DDGS), and whole–plant maize (WPM) co–ensiled with WDGS (WPM – WDGS). Rumen fermentation parameters and in situ degradability of the diets were evaluated using three cannulated Merino wethers in a cross over 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment that lasted 39 days. Concurrently, feed intake and growth performance of South Africa Mutton Merino lambs (29.7 ± 3.6 kg) were evaluated over 45 days. The WPMS + DDGS diet had a lower rate of dry matter degradation (p < 0.05) compared to the WPMS + SOM and WPM–WDGS diets. However, the rapidly fermentable fraction, as well as the progressively fermentable fraction of the diet dry matter, was not different (p > 0.05). No differences in rumen volatile fatty acid, ammonia nitrogen concentration nor rumen pH of the wethers as a result of diet differences were observed. Lambs consuming the WDGS–based diet had a lower average daily intake and average daily gain (p < 0.05) compared to lambs consuming the DDGS and WPMS–based diets. However, the feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet differences (p > 0.05). In conclusion, co–ensiling WDGS with whole–plant maize provides the opportunity for the long–term storage and utilization of WDGS in lamb feeding.
Highlights
The production of ethanol as a biofuel from maize results in the generation of distillers’ grains plus solubles (DGS) as a by–product (Ahern et al, 2016)
The average daily intake (ADI) of lambs was different across the treatments (p < 0.05) with lambs consuming less dry matter per day and per metabolic body weight of whole–plant maize (WPM)-WDGS (Table 3)
Lambs consuming the WDGS–based diet had lower final weight and lower average daily gain (ADG) compared to lambs consuming the whole plant maize silage (WPMS) + sunflower oilcake meal (SOM) or WPMS + DDGS diets
Summary
The production of ethanol as a biofuel from maize results in the generation of distillers’ grains plus solubles (DGS) as a by–product (Ahern et al, 2016). Distillers’ grains with or without solubles are generally characterized by high protein, fat and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (Akayeza et al, 1998) which can, be considered a valuable feed option for ruminants. They contain a higher proportion of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and have a lower starch content compared to the source grain (Souza et al, 2016) which is important to adequately meeting the nutrient needs of fast–growing or high-producing animals. Drying WDGS (40–70 % moisture) to produce dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS, 10 – 13 % moisture) is costly and the heat processing during drying renders DDGS more susceptible to protein damage and poor amino acid availability (Cao et al, 2009)
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