Abstract
Objective: To describe the nutritional profile and the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in family health units of Ribeirão Preto.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study, inquiry type, with patients registered in family health units of Ribeirão Preto – SP. The sample was 100 patients, being laboratory data assessed by means of medical records. The sociodemographic and clinical variables, as well as those related to the nutritional profile were obtained through home visits. Furthermore, anthropometric evaluation of the patients was performed. Body fat (%) was assessed by electric bioimpedance. The local Ethics and Research Committee approved this research.Results: The average age of the patients was 66.7 years, 64 % female, predominantly white (78%), married (58%), and with an incomplete basic school level (56%). The self-reported morbidity with the greatest prevalence was systemic arterial hypertension (71%). Concerning the nutritional diagnostic, 75% of the patients were overweight or presented obesity. As regards to glycemic control, it was evidenced that 75 and 60% of the patients, respectively, were with fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) values above the recommended. The odds ratio was used to verify the association between the biochemical variables and the fat mass. However, no significant association was found.Conclusion: The majority of patients were overweight or had obesity and inadequate metabolic control.***Perfil nutricional de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em unidades de saúde da família de Ribeirão Preto***Objetivo: Descrever o perfil nutricional e o controle metabólico dos pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus, tipo 2 em unidades de saúde da família de Ribeirão Preto.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo inquérito, realizado com pacientes cadastrados em unidades de saúde da família de Ribeirão Preto-SP. A amostra foi constituída por 100 participantes, sendo que os dados laboratoriais foram obtidos por meio de registros em prontuários médicos, e as variáveis sociodemograficas, clínicas, e às relacionadas ao perfil nutricional foram obtidas mediante entrevista domiciliar. Além disso, foi realizada a avaliação antropométrica dos pacientes. Para cálculo da massa de gordura corporal (%) foi utilizada a bioimpedância elétrica. Os dados foram digitados no software Epi InfoTM 7 e analisados pelo programa estatístico Stata 9.0. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa.Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 66,7 anos, sendo 64% do sexo feminino, com predomínio de brancos (78%), casados (58%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (56%). A morbidade auto referida de maior prevalência foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (71%). Com relação ao diagnóstico nutricional, observou-se que 75% dos pacientes estavam com excesso de peso ou obesidade. No que se refere ao controle glicêmico, evidenciou-se que 75 e 60% dos pacientes, respectivamente, estavam com a glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada (Hb1Ac) acima dos valores recomendados. Utilizou-se o odds ratio para verificar a associação entre as variáveis bioquímicas e a massa de fato. No entanto, nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada.Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes estava com excesso de peso ou obesidade e controle metabólico inadequado.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, or when the body can not make good use of the insulin it produces[1]
The World Health Organization (WHO) shows that the etiological factors related to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world are due to diets with high energy densities associated with a sedentary lifestyle[5]
A total of 555 patients were identified with DM2 in the information system of primary care (ISPC), of which 201 met the inclusion criteria and 100 participants were included in the study (Figure 1)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, or when the body can not make good use of the insulin it produces[1]. The prevalence of DM is increasing worldwide, and currently there are 415 million adults with diabetes and with an estimate of 642 million in 2040. This means that currently one in every eleven adults has a diagnosis of DM1. The factors that justify this increase in the prevalence of DM are: population growth and aging, urbanization, increasing prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and increased survival of patients with DM and lifestyle in general[3,4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) shows that the etiological factors related to the increased prevalence of obesity in the world are due to diets with high energy densities associated with a sedentary lifestyle[5]
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