Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Julie Mareschal,Christophe Graf,Tinh-Hai Collet,Laurence Genton

doi:10.3390/nu12092820

Julie Mareschal, Christophe Graf + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092820

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Sep 15, 2020
Citations: 21	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva

Abstract

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

Highlights

Aging is a global public health concern
This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions, defined as calorie and/or protein supplementation, alone or combined with other treatments in older community-dwelling adults on (1) three indicators of sarcopenia: muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and (2) hospitalization and readmission rates
This systematic review sums up the findings from studies published since 2010 on the impact of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatments on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults

Summary

Introduction

Aging is a global public health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by the end of the decade, the number of people aged 60 and over will have increased worldwide by34%, from 1 billion in 2019 to 1.4 billion [1]. Aging is a global public health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by the end of the decade, the number of people aged 60 and over will have increased worldwide by. 34%, from 1 billion in 2019 to 1.4 billion [1]. Compared to 2019, this population will have more than doubled to reach 2.1 billion by 2050. The aging process is associated with physical, cognitive and social changes affecting morbidity and mortality [2]. Muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline [3,4]. From the age of 50, an individual loses 1% to 2% of leg muscle mass per year and 1.5% to 5% of leg strength [3]

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