Abstract

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 300 adult TB patients were surveyed in two impoverished counties in China. Nutrient intakes were evaluated through two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. The potential socio-demographic and behavioral factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic model to identify strong influential factors.ResultsWe found that mean daily energy intake was 1655.0 kcal (SD: 619.3 kcal) and 1360.3 kcal (SD: 552.1 kcal) for male and female patients, respectively. The mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than that has been recommended by DRI (i.e., 2250 and 1800 kcal for males and females, respectively), with 87.4% of the male patients and 59.9% of female patients failed to consume adequate energy. The protein intakes were 44.6 g (SD: 18.2 g) and 35.9 g (SD: 12.3 g) for male and female patients, respectively, which were lower than the recommended values by DRI (i.e., 65 and 55 g for males and females, respectively). Most male (90.8%) and female (58.4%) TB patients had insufficient daily protein intake. Further analyses suggested that mean daily intakes of many micronutrients, were insufficient, while for most of patients, intakes of vitamin E and sodium were sufficient. We identified that unemployment was a risk factor for low energy intake (p < 0.05) and out-home-eating was a protective factor for low protein intake (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn impoverished areas in China, intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients in TB patients were inadequate compared with DRIs, especially for unemployed patients and patients eating at home. These findings suggested that public health actions are needed to promote education on TB patients about significance of nutritional support, and, further interventions in TB patients’ nutritional intakes are also required.

Highlights

  • The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors

  • Malnutrition can further lead to impaired immune function [4, 5], as nutritional deficiency alters the interaction between macrophages and T-lymphocytes [6]

  • Characteristics of the subjects All TB patients registered from Nov 1st, 2015 to May 11th, 2017 in Lin county were included in our study, while less than 40% of notified TB patients in Lingyun county have participated in this study

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Summary

Introduction

The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors. The interactions between tuberculosis and malnutrition are well appreciated. TB can cause weight loss or cachexia and malnutrition can predispose to TB. TB patient requires more energy to maintain body function that caused by increasing basal metabolic rate (BMR), leading to weight loss [2]. Malnutrition can further lead to impaired immune function [4, 5], as nutritional deficiency alters the interaction between macrophages and T-lymphocytes [6]. Most people who get infected from TB will not manifest symptoms as their immune system manages to control the bacteria, malnourished persons are more likely to develop active TB because the infection is no longer constrained by their immune systems [7]

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