Nutritional implications for sexual cannibalism in a sexually dimorphic orb web spider

Abstract

AbstractModels predicting mechanisms driving sexual cannibalism in spiders with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) often assume that spiders use post‐copulatory food to channel nutrients into eggs and fecundity is altered through changes in clutch size or egg mass. I tested these assumptions using an orb web spider with extreme SSD,Argiope keyserlingi. I fed mated female spiders prey of either high protein‐low energy or low protein‐high energy composition. I measured egg energy density; a measure of the relative volumes of yolk and albumen. I predicted that ifA. keyserlingiincrease their egg energy density upon feeding on prey of a specific nutrient composition, they could enhance their fecundity by investing in more energy dense eggs. However, if the egg energy densities are dissimilar to their post‐copulatory prey they must be drawing energy from their somatic reserves to invest in eggs. In a further experiment I allowed female spiders to mate with and cannibalize males to determine if cannibalism induces similar effects on egg energy density. Male spider protein energy ratio was measured and found to resemble the high protein‐low energy prey. I found disagreement between the composition of post‐copulatory food and eggs in both experiments. Additionally, spiders fed high protein‐low energy prey lost weight indicating that they draw on their energy reserves to invest in eggs. I thus concluded that spiders that feed on high protein‐low energy prey or on males increase their egg energy density and, possibly, fecundity. However, the nutrient content of the prey or males cannot provide for investment in eggs. The energy invested in eggs is drawn from somatic reserves, probably induced by an as yet undescribed physiological trigger.