Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. Although evidence-based treatments have substantially improved outcomes, prognosis remains poor with high costs for health care systems. In patients with HF, poor dietary behaviors are associated with unsatisfactory quality of life and adverse outcome. The HF guidelines have not recommended a specific nutritional strategy. Despite the role of micronutrient deficiency it has been extensively studied, and data about the efficacy of supplementation therapy in HF are not supported by large randomized trials and there is limited evidence regarding the outcomes. The aim of the present review is to analyze the state-of-the-art of nutritional deficiencies in HF, focusing on the physiological role and the prognostic impact of micronutrient supplementation.
Highlights
Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries [1]
Observational studies have demonstrated that the serum Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) concentration is an independent predictor of mortality in patients hospitalized for HF, which has not been confirmed in a larger cohort after adjustment for several variables [30,31]
A randomized trial is ongoing to investigate the impact of long-term vitamin D daily administration regarding 6 min walking distance (6MWD), left ventricular function at cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and biochemical changes (VitamIN D treating patIents with Chronic heArT failurE, VINDICATE, NCT01619891)
Summary
Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries [1]. Despite the introduction over the last 20 years of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system antagonists, beta-blockers and devices have improved the outcomes, the quality of life and the functional capacity remains extremely poor, especially in the advanced stages of the disease [1,3]. The mortality and hospitalization rates remain unacceptably high due to lack of effective new therapies in AHF [4,5]. The lack of general recognized nutritional strategies aimed at improving the quality of life and functional capacity remains an unmet need in HF research. The aim of the present review is to analyze the state-of-the-art of nutritional deficiency in HF, focusing on the evidence regarding the physiological role and the prognostic impact of supplementation therapies in HF patients
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