Nutritional composition of new Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars

L A Medina-Juárez,A Durán-Prado,L C Campos-Reyes,J Ortega-García,M G Campos-Mondragón,A M Calderón De La Barca,R M Oliart-Ros,O Angulo

doi:10.3989/gya.075008

Abstract

Six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Col-24-Gro, Col-61-Gto, VA-81-B, Ranferi Diaz, NC-2 and Florunner) were studied for agricultural yield, chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and ash), amino acid profile, digestibility, fatty acid profile, tocopherol and sterol contents. Results indicated that Ranferi Diaz and Col-61-Gto presented the highest yield (6.3 Ton/ha). Protein content was from 23.5 to 26.6% and fat content ranged from 49.8-53.4%. Mean digestibility was 86%. Lysine and threonine levels in all cultivars were sufficient to meet human requirements. Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 15-18%. The oleic/linoleic ratio was estimated 1.3-1.4. Tocopherol levels varied from 390 to 706 ppm. The highest tocopherol levels corresponded to the cultivars with the lowest yield. The alpha tocopherol content was estimated at 90-150 ppm, while gamma tocopherol was 270-570 ppm.The main sterol present was βsitosterol (approx. 65%). Ranferi Diaz variety presented the highest agronomic yield and the highest protein content but low oleic acid, low sterols and low total tocopherols. The differences among cultivars suggest differences in their applications.

Highlights

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are among the major oilseeds in the world
The peanut cultivar plays an important role in the economy of several countries (China, India, U.S.A., Netherlands, UK, Germany, Russia and Spain)
In the United States, the major proportion of this crop is processed for direct consumption as peanut butter, salted peanuts, and confectionary

Summary

Introduction

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are among the major oilseeds in the world. The peanut cultivar plays an important role in the economy of several countries (China, India, U.S.A., Netherlands, UK, Germany, Russia and Spain). The first three countries constitute the main suppliers of peanuts to the rest of the world. The remaining countries in the list depend totally on the importation of peanuts to meet their internal consumption needs. This is due mainly to a lack of tropical agricultural conditions to grow this product (USDA-NASS, 2004). The peanut consumption pattern varies among developed and developing countries. In the United States, the major proportion of this crop is processed for direct consumption as peanut butter, salted peanuts, and confectionary.

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