Abstract
Maize was cofermented with pigeon pea for ogi production and evaluated for nutritional (proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, and amino acid profile analyses) and antinutritional (phytate, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor activity analyses) qualities. White maize and pigeon pea were mixed at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50, respectively, with 100:0 serving as the control. Mixtures were cofermented for 96 hr at 27°C ± 2°C and nutritional, mineral, and antinutritional qualities were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results of proximate analysis showed that the values were significantly difference at p ≤ .05. Maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 had the highest protein (22.79 mg/100 g), fat (19.27 mg/100 g), ash (2.98 mg/100 g), crude fiber (0.73 mg/100 g), and lowest moisture (1.98 mg/100 g) content, and was significantly (p ≤ .05) different from the other ratios. Of all the mixtures analyzed, 60:40 was significantly (p ≤ .05) different and had the highest Vitamin B1, B2, and B3 contents. Amino acid profile results showed that maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 showed the highest contents of lysine (93.95 mg/g), tryptophan (20.38 mg/g), isoleucine (54.78 mg/g), phenylalanine (86.23 mg/g), leucine (109.55 mg/g), and valine (68.29 mg/g), respectively, and was significantly (p ≤ .05) different from the other ratios. Results of antinutritional analysis showed low phytate, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor values in maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 when compared with other ratios. The cofermented maize‐pigeon pea product 60:40 had high amino acid profile than the others.
Highlights
| MATERIALS AND METHODSThe pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and the dried maize grains (Zea mays) used in this study were purchased from Bariga market, Bariga, Lagos State, Nigeria
Ogi is consumed by adults and children as breakfast meals, and it serves as a weaning diet (Ashaye, Fasoyiro, & Kehinde, 2000; Amusa et al, 2005)
This study showed that the fortified maize: pigeon pea products met the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for moisture, fat, ash, protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and vitamins B1 and B2
Summary
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and the dried maize grains (Zea mays) used in this study were purchased from Bariga market, Bariga, Lagos State, Nigeria. The grains/pea seeds were sorted to separate them from stones, dirt, etc. Six different proportions of maize: Pigeon peas were weighed as follows Table 1. The grains/peas were washed thoroughly and steeped in tap water in the ratio of 1:2 (w/v) in properly labeled plastic buckets with lids. Maize-pigeon pea ogi was prepared using a modified traditional
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