Nutritional aspects of a child’s sleep

Abstract

Of great practical interest is the possible impact of diet and availability of a number of nutrients on the quality of sleep and the risk of its disorders in children. The review presents information on the relationship of sleep characteristics to the intake of the most important macro- and micronutrients into the body. It discusses the positive effect of amino acids, primarily tryptophan and its derivatives: serotonin and melatonin, on sleep indicators. The possible effects of fats and carbohydrates on the quality and structure of sleep are considered. The significance of the availability of micronutrients, including magnesium, iron, and copper, is analyzed. The role of group B vitamins and vitamin D in improving the quality of a child's sleep is discussed. There is information on the possible pathophysiological and pathochemical mechanisms that form a basis for the relationship of sleep characteristics to the intake of a number of nutrients into the body. The role of breast milk in ensuring the natural ontogenesis of a child's sleep and in improving the quality of sleep is separately considered.