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Abstract
BackgroundThe number of morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) has increased dramatically in recent years. Therefore, monitoring food intake and its consequences in terms of nutritional status is necessary to prevent nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of food restriction on nutritional parameters in the short-term (≤3 months) period after BS in morbid obesity.MethodIn a prospective study, we followed 22 obese women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) at baseline (T0) and 1 (T1) and 3 (T3) months after surgery. We evaluated food intake, nutrient adequacy and serum concentrations of vitamins and minerals known to be at risk for deficiency following BS.ResultsBefore surgery, we observed suboptimal food intakes, leading to a risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Serum analysis confirmed nutritional deficiencies for iron and thiamine for 27 and 23% of the patients, respectively. The drastic energy and food reduction seen in the short term led to very low probabilities of adequacy for nutrients equivalent across both surgeries. Serum analysis demonstrated a continuous decrease in prealbumin during the follow-up, indicating mild protein depletion in 21 and 57% of GBP patients and 50 and 63% of AGB patients, respectively, at T1 and T3. Regarding vitamins and minerals, systematic supplementation after GBP prevented most nutritional deficiencies. By contrast, AGB patients, for whom there is no systematic supplementation, developed such deficiencies.ConclusionsOur results suggest that cautious monitoring of protein intake after BS is mandatory. Furthermore, AGB patients might also benefit from systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation at least in the short term.
Highlights
Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat mass inducing adverse effects on health, which has become a worldwide epidemic, is associated with nutritional deficiencies [1,2]
Serum analysis demonstrated a continuous decrease in prealbumin during the follow-up, indicating mild protein depletion in 21 and 57% of gastric bypass (GBP) patients and 50 and 63% of adjustable gastric banding (AGB) patients, respectively, at the follow-up at 1 (T1) and T3
Our results suggest that cautious monitoring of protein intake after bariatric surgery (BS) is mandatory
Summary
Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat mass inducing adverse effects on health, which has become a worldwide epidemic, is associated with nutritional deficiencies [1,2]. Studies evaluating morbidly obese patients before bariatric surgery (BS), demonstrated subclinical serum protein depletion [4] as well as micronutrient deficiencies [5]. These findings may be the result of under consumption of foods such as fresh fruit, vegetables and lean meat during energy dense meals [6]. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of food restriction on nutritional parameters in the short-term ( 3 months) period after BS in morbid obesity
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