Abstract
The nutrimental composition and main nutraceutical components were determined in Chinese, Philippine, American, Hindu and Thai eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) types grown in Sinaloa, Mexico. Thai type showed the highest amount of protein (0.90%), crude (1.54%) and dietary (3.93%) fibre and the highest concentrations of total soluble phenolics (2049 mgCAE 100g-1) and chlorogenic acid (1700 mg 100g-1). Hindu type obtained the highest content of the minerals potassium (191.19 mg 100g-1), calcium (59.63 mg 100g-1), phosphorus (33.52 mg 100g-1), magnesium (28.96 mg 100g-1), manganese (0.44 mg 100g-1), zinc (0.78 mg 100g-1), in addition this eggplant type showed the highest levels of ascorbic acid (22 mg 100g-1). Philippine type showed the highest concentration in anthocyanins (161.10 mgC3GE 100g-1) and the highest levels of radical scavenging activity in DPPH (92.50% of inhibition) and ORAC (538.90 μmolTE g-1). Nutrient components with functional properties like biologically essential minerals, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble phenols were found in higher amounts in the five eggplant types analyzed, as compared with reports from other parts in the world available in the literature.
Highlights
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) known as aubergine, guinea squash or brinjal, is an economically important vegetable crop in the tropics and subtropics
The first group was used fresh for proximate and mineral analysis, while the second group was freeze dried and stored at -80 °C, for further evaluations of ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid and total phenolics
Proximate composition In spite of its small fruits, Thai type showed the highest values in crude fibre, ashes and carbohydrates
Summary
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) known as aubergine, guinea squash or brinjal, is an economically important vegetable crop in the tropics and subtropics. Eggplants have an important nutritional value due to its composition, which includes minerals like potassium, calcium, sodium and iron (Mohamed et al, 2003; Raigón et al, 2008) as well as dietary fibre (USDA, 2014; Sanchez-Castillo et al, 1999). Eggplant fruits have shown high hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (Cao et al, 1996), which has been correlated to phenolic compounds presence, including delphinidin as a major component in peel (Wu et al, 2006; Koponen et al, 2007) and chlorogenic acid in flesh (Winter and Hermann, 1986; Whitaker and Stommel, 2003). The aim of this work was to characterise and compare the proximal composition, mineral content and antioxidant bioactive compounds of eggplant types grown in Sinaloa, Mexico
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