Nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) leaves

Abstract

The proximate compositions,some minerals,some vitamins and antinutrients contents of sweet Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Black pepper (Piper nigrum) leaves were investigated on dried weight basis by employing the standard methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 1990)., Association of vitamin chemists (1987) and Harborne. (1973). The results showed that Sample A (sweet cassava leabes ) contained crude protein (11.70 ± 2.34%), Hexane extract (1.47 ± 0.1%), Ash content (1.90 ±0.1%), crude fibre (3.56 ± 0.14%), moisture (10.8 ± 0.00%) and carbohydrate (70.57 ± 0.45%).while Sample B(black pepper leaves ) contained crude protein (8.73±1.25%), Hexane extract (1.49 ± 0.1222%), Ash content (1.82 ± 0.141%), crude fibre (2.92 ± 0.141%), moisture (12.81 ± 0.00%) and carbohydrate (78.46 ± 1.25%). The results also revealed that Sample A contained potassium (155.75 ± 1.02 mg/100g), sodium (3.82 ± 0.14 mg/100g), calcium (2.47 ± 0.1 mg/100g), magnesium (75.28 ± 0.60 mg/100g), manganese (0.44 ± 0.10 mg/100g) and copper (0.17 ± 0.01 mg/100 g). Sample B on the other hand, contained potassium (164.45 ± 0.387 mg/100 g), sodium (4.80 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), calcium JJ(3.65 ± 0.223 mg/100 g), magnesium (94.75 ± 0.223 mg/100 g), manganese (0.10 ± 0.001 mg/100 g) and copper (0.17 ± 0.01 mg/100 g). The results of vitamin analysis depicted that Sample A contained vitamin A (0.116 ± 0.01IU), vitamin B1 (0.032 ± 0 mg/100 g), vitamin B2 (0.0027 ± 0 mg/100 g), vitamin B6 (0.125 ± 0 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.024 ± 0 mg/100 g), vitamin C (17.80 ± 0 mg/100 g), vitamin E (0.012 ± 0 mg/100 g) and vitamin K (0.002 ± 0 mg/100 g). While Sample B contained vitamin A (0.114 ± 0.01 IU), vitamin B1 (0.0765 ± 0.038 mg/100 g), vitamin B2 (0.0435 ± 0.038 mg/100 g), vitamin B6 (0.1245 ± 0.022 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.033 ± 0.031 mg/100 g), vitamin C (15.72 ± 0.282 mg/100 g), vitamin E (0.014 ± 0 mg/100 g) and vitamin K (0.00165 ± 0.036 mg/100 g).The results of antinutrient analysis also depicted that Sample A contained Tannin (0.3655±0.038 mg/100 g), saponin (0.2855 ± 0.0387 mg/100 g), Alkaloid (0.1025 ± 0.1025 mg/100 g), phytate (0.2815 ± 0.0387 mg/100 g), oxtate (0.195 ± 0.0316 mg/100 g), glycocyanide (0.005 ± 0.001 mg/100 g) and flavnoid (0.58 ± 0.04 mg/100 g). However, Sample B contained Tannin (0.357 ± 0.031 mg/100 g), saponin (0.293 ± 0.031 mg/100 g), Alkaloid (4.551 ± 0.114 mg/100 g), pytate (0.347 ± 0.031 mg/100 g), oxtate (0.233 ± 0.0446 mg/100 g), glycocyanide (0.005 ± 0.001 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (0.6425 ± 0.05 mg/100 g). Therefore, dried sweet cassava and black pepper leaves are good soourses of proteins, carbohydrates, fibre, potassium, vitamin C and flavonoids. Black pepper leaves also rich in alkaloid.