Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate nutritional and antinutritional contents of complementary foods from locally available and affordable raw materials (maize, pea, and anchote) grown in Western Ethiopia. The six formulated complementary diets analyzed for their proximate, mineral, and antinutritional continents were compared with Codex standards. The mineral ratios and molar ratios of the formulated diets were also evaluated and compared with each standard values. Six formulations were generated by d‐optimal mixture design. The formulated ingredient ranges 45%–61% maize, 23%–31% pea, and 14%–28% anchote. Design‐Expert® 6 (Stat‐Ease) was used to constrain the three components. The formulated diets ranged from 14.92% to 20.99%, 5.95% to 9.94%, 2.75% to 3.41%, and 59.10% to 66.22% of protein, fat, fiber, and utilizable carbohydrate, respectively. Mineral contents (mg/100 g) of the formulated diet ranged from 225.45 to 261.32, 11.48 to 12.61, 2.73 to 3.00, 357.92 to 391.13, 298.55 to 332.63, 252.00 to 278.01, and 44.26 to 51.56 for calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and magnesium, respectively. The proximate and mineral contents of the formulated diet 5 meet the Codex standards, except the fat contents of the complementary food standards. The molar ratios of the formulated diets in this study were below standard reference and which show the high mineral bioavailability in all the formulated diets. The results of the study revealed that the formulated diets contain very low antinutritional factors and high mineral bioavailability. The paper's findings show that the complementary food formulated from maize, pea, and anchote flours particularly diet 5 may be suitable to alleviate protein energy malnutrition and it can be used as a substitute for the expensive commercial complementary food.
Highlights
Complementary food is a food either liquid or solid that can be given to infant and young children (6–24 months) along with breast milk (WHO, 2001)
The crude protein contents of the ingredients were 18.79%, 26.04%, and TA B L E 2 Restraint region of maize, pea, and anchote taken by mixture design
Good quality and acceptable complementary foods could be produced from maize, pea, and anchote flours
Summary
Complementary food is a food either liquid or solid that can be given to infant and young children (6–24 months) along with breast milk (WHO, 2001). While the ages of children increase, the ability of breast milk to provide essential nutrient requirements decreases (Agostoni et al, 2008). Timely providing appropriate complementary foods during infancy is paramount for child growth in both nutritional and developmental reasons (Kamchan, Puwastien, Sirichakwal, & Kongkachuichai, 2004), but the quality of complementary foods to meet the required essential nutrient for children is very essential (Kamchan et al, 2004). Cereal-based complementary foods do not contain enough essential nutrients to meet daily requirements for infant and young children (WHO, 2001). To improving the nutritional status of children and mitigate protein energy malnutrition, the locally available essential nutrient-rich complementary foods that are locally available and affordable should be encouraged (WHO/FAO, 2004)
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