Abstract
Access to nutrition in the perinatal stage or early childhood has pronounced influence on later development and health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Total energy intake and a variety of dietary components, such as protein, folate, choline, curcumin, and polyphenols consumed in early life, have been shown to modify indicators of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These dietary components interact with epigenetic regulation. By altering DNA methylation and histone modifications, dietary exposures in early life affect the transcription of genes related to somatic growth, appetite control, stress response, and adiposity which precedes various chronic diseases. This chapter will introduce the existing human and animal evidence which supports the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics in early life and its lasting impacts on health and development.
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