Nutrition and Physical Activity Education among SNAP‐Ed Eligible Middle School Students Reveals Disconnect between Knowledge and Behavior

Abstract

Schools eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) can offer programs to address overweight and obesity among low income youth. This study assessed changes in knowledge and behavior among middle school students in SNAP‐Ed eligible schools after nutrition and physical activity education.Students in SNAP‐Ed eligible schools across five AZ counties received nutrition and nutrition‐integrated physical activity education during the school year. A randomized cohort of 6th‐ 8th grade classrooms (N=40, mean fall class size=25) was surveyed in fall and spring. The anonymous survey asked about behavior the previous day and knowledge of national nutrition and physical activity guidelines. Paired t‐tests assessed change in weighted classroom averages.Significant knowledge gains were found in two of five national guidelines, recommended vegetable consumption (p<0.05) and physical activity (p<0.01). Self‐reported behaviors had a significant increase in whole grain consumption (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in water intake (p<0.05). There was no change in vegetable consumption or in any physical activity category except active travel home from school (p<0.05).These data suggest that behavior change may occur independent of knowledge change. This disconnect underscores the importance of addressing factors other than knowledge (e.g. self‐efficacy and environment) when delivering programs to address overweight and obesity prevalence among low income youth.