Abstract
In two contrasting agricultural ecohabitats (agrohabitats) in the avocado production area in the municipality of Cuernavaca, Morelos, an analysis of nutrimental status, soil fertility and water quality was conducted to measure soil fertility levels and to determine the nutrimental state of the trees. The “Hass” variety avocado groves studied had an average age of 8 years; the first grove was planted in an acrisol soil (1700 to 1900 meters above mean sea level [mamsl]); the second, in an andosol soil (1200 to 1700 mamsl). In each agrohabitat, tests were performed to determine the soil’s physical and chemical characteristics. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soils of this zone differ as do the nutrimental states of the avocado trees in the two agrohabitats. The trees showed excessive concentration of Ca, Fe, S, Z and Mg. The indices of Deviation from Optimal Percentage (DOP) in the two agrohabitats showed different nutrimental requirements; nevertheless, they were low and very near to zero, 14.218 and 13.350 respectively. The water used for the agricultural irrigation was low in salinity and sodium content and thus may be used for the agricultural irrigation without restrictions.
Highlights
The world production of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) var
The second habitat has a semi-hot climate [A(C)], uneven topography, andosol soils, an altitude between 1200 to 1700 mamsl, an annual average precipitation of 1000 mm and an annual average temperature of 22 ̊C [12]: very similar conditions are those reported for the state of Michoacan where an area of 94045.28 ha. has been planted with avocado
Wolstenholme mentions that the temperatures of 17.9 ̊C to 19.7 ̊C with stable temperate environmental conditions free of stress are considered as the best conditions for the production of the ‘Hass’ avocados while the temperature limits for gaining a reasonable yield from this cultivar are from 19.5 ̊C to 21 ̊C which corresponds to the hot and humid subtropical climates [24]
Summary
The world production of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) var. Hass, is estimated as 3.8 million tons annually, produced on a surface area of 436,280 ha. which is distributed in more than 65 countries, of which 64% are located in the Americas and the remaining 36% in other continents [1]. Morelos occupies the fourth place as regards cultivated surface and production volume [3] This market fruit species is the most important one in the state of Morelos, representing a cultivated surface of 3348 ha., 1580 producers and an average yield of 9.6 t·ha−1 [4], distributed in 13 municipalities, of which the most important are: Ocuituco (43.51%), Tetela del Volcán (27.53%), Tlalnepantla (6.69%) and Cuernavaca (3.58%). Sixty percent of the avocados cultivated in the state (entity) are native varieties; the rest are improved varieties (Haas and Fuerte). These varieties are grown in family groves or commercial operations [3]. The Mexican Service for Agricultural Food Production and Fishery Information
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