Abstract
Individual’s genetic makeup best describes the properties regarding its growth and development. It is stored and passed on to generations and is in dynamic equilibrium with the environmental and other non-living factors. The most predominant environmental stimuli are diet/nutrition. Diet/nutrition interacts and modulates varying underlying molecular mechanisms central to various physiological functions basically at three different levels: genome, proteome, and metabolome. Advances in genomic studies are paving the way to the development of scientific insights into nutritional sciences. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are closely associated but two different areas of nutritional research. Both the fields involved the study of the implication between nutrition, metabolism, and genetic mechanism. The primary goal is to pinpoint nutrient-dependent health characteristics and nutrition dependent diseases. Another important area connected to these sciences concerns food composition and performance of quality assessment by studying proteomics and metabolic pathways. Nutrigenomics explains how the nutrients influences or effects the expression of the, while the response of different gene variants to nutrients or different dietary components is called Nutrigenetics. A personalized based diet can help us to know the right nutrient to take or avoid those who may potentially harm overall health. The goals are intended to alter or decrease the impact of hostile dietary changes that have occurred in since past in the developed world and more recently in the developing countries.
Highlights
Etiopathogenesis of any disease is because of the interaction of genetics and the environment
Genetics defines the susceptibility of an individual to disease whereas environmental factors determine who among this susceptible will develop the disease
Low in whole grains and fruits have attributed to quite half of diet-related deaths globally in 2017, which incorporates10 million deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), 913000 cancer death, and 339000 from Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM; 1)
Summary
Etiopathogenesis of any disease is because of the interaction of genetics and the environment. With the development of genomic sequencing and high throughput “omic” technologies, a better understanding is gained regarding the interaction of nutrients and genes depending on the genotype of an individual with the goal of optimal health and disease prevention [12] These nutritional sciences are defined as the effect of genetic variations on dietary response and the role of nutrients and bioactive compounds in gene expression [13]. Gene-based designer diet can be developed various chronic and inflammatory diseases, for example, Coronary artery diseases, Type-2 DM, asthma, etc., These nutritional studies help to discover different genetic variants for diseases that have a genetic predisposition, which can help improve dietary advice for prevention and management in addition to age, gender, health status, ethnicity, and all other characteristics that affect dietary responses. Better interpretation of data from epidemiological and clinical interventional studies regarding health impact of dietary factor may further help us to revise recommendation for personalized nutrition
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