Nutrient profile and effect of processing methods on the composition and functional properties of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik): A review

Abstract

AbstractGrain legumes or pulses, including lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), have gained increasing popularity among consumers and food processors in recent years. This trend has been driven by the consumers opting for plant‐based proteins and environmentally sustainable food sources. Global production of lentils has more than doubled since 2001 (from 3.15 to 6.58 million metric tons in 2020), which signifies the commercial importance of this nutrient‐dense legume. As per the USDA's nutrients data (2022), lentil contains 24.6% protein, 63.4% carbohydrates, 2.7% ash content, and 1.1% total fat. High amount of dietary fiber, slowly digestible starch and potassium, and low sodium in lentil align well with consumer choices for healthy foods. Many studies have reported on the health benefits of consuming lentils, especially being effective in reducing various health conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The relatively higher protein and lower carbohydrates content of lentil compared with cereal grains can help in expanding the utilization of lentils and lentil‐based ingredients to develop new products. Combined with high dietary fiber, resistant starch, and bioactive polyphenolic content, the demonstrated nutritional benefits can fill the ever‐increasing demand for plant‐based proteins well beyond traditional consumption of lentils in developing countries. This article reviews the composition and nutrient profile of raw and processed lentils, effect of various processing methods on composition and nutrient profile, and health benefits of lentils.