Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract.

Peace Nwanneka Ani,Happiness Chiamaka Abel

doi:10.1002/fsn3.604

Abstract

Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract were determined. The fruit was procured from a garden in Trans‐Ekulu, Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Mature undamaged Citrus maxima fruits were thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove contamination, dirt, and air‐dried. The peel was separated from the pulp. The pulp (100 g) was blended and filtered through a muslin cloth to obtain a clear juice. The peel (50 g) was macerated with 200 ml of ethanol for 20 min. The peel extract was filtered through filter paper. The supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation. The peel extract was weighed and stored in a plastic container until needed. Proximate, mineral, vitamins, antinutrient, and phytochemical composition of the juice and peel extract were determined using standard procedures. Citrus maxima peel extract contains significantly (p < .05) higher crude fiber (2.58%), fat (9.74%), ash (2.49%), and carbohydrate (71.57%) compared with Citrus maxima juice. Alkaloid, phenolics, and flavonoids were also significantly (p < .05) higher in the peel extract. The mineral composition revealed the order Ca > Na > Ph > Fe > Mg > K in the juice and Ca > Ph > Na > Fe > K > Mg in the peel extract. Vitamin C content of the juice and peel extract were 26.36 mg/100 g and 19.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Citrus maxima peel is highly nutritive and rich in phytochemicals, further research is recommended to investigate its therapeutic effect.

Highlights

Life in general basically depends on plants
Citrus fruits are highly consumed as fresh produce and juice, most often the peel is discarded as waste
The vitamins and minerals analyzed were significantly (p < .05) higher in Citrus maxima peel extract than the juice except for vitamin C which was higher in the juice but this difference was not significant (p < .05)

Summary

| INTRODUCTION

Life in general basically depends on plants. Plant foods are irreplaceable excellent source of nutrients to both man and animals. Citrus fruits are highly consumed as fresh produce and juice, most often the peel is discarded as waste. With the recent gain in popularity of bioactive compounds and concept of functional foods, food products enriched with citrus peels are emerging (Altunkaya, Hedegaard, Brimer, Gökmen, & Skibsted, 2013; Babiker, Sulieman, Elhardallou, & Khalifa, 2013). In this era of food-based intervention, lack of composition of plant foods and increased wastages poses a major problem to sound nutritional status. The knowledge of chemical composition of Citrus maxima juice and peel will enhance their utilization by human, food industries, and pharmaceutical industries, the need for this study

| MATERIALS AND METHODS

| DISCUSSION

Findings

| CONCLUSION