Abstract
OBJECTIVESBreast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Globally, BC is rapidly becoming a major common health problem among women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutrient intake patterns and BC risk among Jordanian women.METHODSA total of 400 Jordanian women 20-65 years of age were recruited in this case-control study. Two hundred women recently diagnosed with BC were matched in age, income, and marital status to 200 BC-free women. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake patterns.RESULTSIn this study, 3 nutrient intake patterns were identified: a high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern; a high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern; and a high-fat nutrient intake pattern. A significant increase in BC risk was associated with the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient pattern (the highest for the fourth quartile; odds ratio [OR], 5.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 13.91; ptrend=0.001). In the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient pattern, a significant inverse trend was detected for the risk of BC. The high-fat nutrient pattern showed a significant direct association with BC risk in the third (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.58 to 9.51) and fourth (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.53 to 9.77) quartiles (ptrend=0.001).CONCLUSIONSA significant increase in BC risk was detected for the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern and the high-fat nutrient intake pattern. However, for the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern, a significant inverse trend was observed.
Highlights
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries
Other variables that differed significantly been cases and controls included the number of pregnancies, smoking, education level, employment status, and family history of Breast cancer (BC)
The results of this study add to the evidence for an association between BC risk and diet and lifestyle behaviors
Summary
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries. The burden of all types of cancer is expected to grow worldwide due to population growth and ag-. There is accumulating evidence associating combined nutrient and dietary patterns, single micronutrients, macronutrients, and food items with the pathogenesis of BC [4,6,7]. Most of these relationships remain controversial [4,6,7]. Limited evidence is currently available in support of probable causal
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