Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has been increasing along with the obesity pandemic. It is associated with pregnancy complications and a risk of type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveTo study nutrient intake among pregnant Finnish women at increased risk of GDM due to obesity or a history of GDM.DesignFood records from obese women or women with GDM history (n=394) were examined at baseline (≤20 weeks of pregnancy) of the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study.ResultsThe pregnant women had a mean fat intake of 33 en% (SD 7), saturated fatty acids (SFA) 12 en% (SD 3), and carbohydrate 46 en% (SD 6). Sucrose intake among pregnant women with GDM history was 7 en% (SD 3), which was different from the intake of the other pregnant women, 10 en% (SD 4) (p<0.001). Median intakes of folate and vitamins A and D provided by food sources were below the Finnish national nutrition recommendation, but, excluding vitamin A, supplements raised the total intake to the recommended level. The frequency of use of dietary supplements among pregnant women was 77%.ConclusionsThe observed excessive intake of SFA and low intake of carbohydrates among women at high risk of GDM may further increase their risk of GDM. A GDM history, however, seems to reduce sucrose intake in a future pregnancy. Pregnant women at high risk of GDM seem to have insufficient intakes of vitamin D and folate from food and thus need supplementation, which most of them already take.
Highlights
MethodsThe Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) is a randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study that started in 2008 in the cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Lappeenranta
The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has been increasing along with the obesity pandemic
The observed excessive intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and low intake of carbohydrates among women at high risk of GDM may further increase their risk of GDM
Summary
The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) is a randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study that started in 2008 in the cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Lappeenranta. Between February and November 2011, RADIEL recruited a total of women, of whom 234 were eligible for the current study. Participants were at 20 weeks or less of gestation or planning a pregnancy; all were at elevated risk of GDM because of obesity (BMI ]30 kg/m2) or a history of GDM. Pregnant women were recruited at primary healthcare centers and antenatal clinics, as well as by newspaper advertisements and targeted social media announcements. The current paper focuses on the nutrient intake of pregnant women at high risk of GDM at baseline participating in the RADIEL intervention study
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