Abstract
The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.
Highlights
With the development of the economy and the improvements in living standards, the problem of garbage has become increasingly prominent
One of the consequences of municipal solid waste (MSW) deposition is the production of landfill leachate
The wastewater used in this assay proceeded from MSW that were collected in an open landfill belonging to the Rosignano Energia Ambiente company (43◦ 23’11.5” N 10◦ 28’06.7” E), located in the region of Tuscany (Italy)
Summary
With the development of the economy and the improvements in living standards, the problem of garbage has become increasingly prominent. It is expected that with the on-going increases in population and per capita daily garbage production, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). Will continue to grow rapidly, and the current garbage disposal service model will not be able to solve the garbage problem effectively [1]. Inadequate disposal of MSW might lead to serious environmental pollution. Landfilling is a commonly used disposal procedure, composting and recycling methods are preferable [2]. One of the consequences of MSW deposition is the production of landfill leachate. Its volume and composition are determined by numerous factors, including waste composition, landfill age, and the volume of precipitation [3]. Municipal solid waste is heterogeneous in nature [4]. Leachate may Agronomy 2020, 10, 1911; doi:10.3390/agronomy10121911 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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