Abstract

AbstractThe Hula drainage enhanced soil oxidation, and replacement of ammonium, by nitrate within the total load of nitrogen export from the valley. During the 1980–1990s the nitrogen flux from the Hula Valley gradually declined mostly due to sewage removal and aquaculture restriction. The decline in nitrogen input into lake Kinneret enhanced the change of the Kinneret trophic status from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation and the domination replacement of Peridinium by Cyanobacteria. The potential of Hula Valley soil condition deterioration under dryness is a major concern of agricultural development. Progressive dryness enhanced both, water loss and phosphorus release from peat soil into surface and subterranean waters in the Hula Valley. Enhancement of soil moisture might slow down this process. Elevation of Ground Water Table (GWT) combined with soil moisture increase by irrigation is critical for agricultural development. Peat soil moisture elevation and partial conversion of the Agmon-Hula into wetlands predict enhancement of nitrogen migration. If climate change expressed as precipitation decline continues, the import of water from other sources to improve the Hula Valley’s soil condition are recommended.KeywordsNutrient exportGround water tablePeat soil

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