Abstract
Obtaining a detailed understanding of nutrient dynamics in rivers and lakes is often challenging. To achieve success it is recommended to pursue a multi-disciplinary approach that (a) identifies the key nutrient sources in the study area of interest, (b) investigates the surface and subsurface transport pathways that deliver nutrients into rivers and lakes, (c) uses state-of-the-art approaches to trace chemical and biological nutrient transformation processes within the surface water systems, and (d) investigates the environmental and health implications affecting algae, plants, animals and humans. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the sources, the transport pathways, and the processes that need to be understood to assess cycling of nutrients in, and their effect on surface water systems.
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