Abstract
To reduce the use of commercial conventional inorganic fertilizers, the possibility of using pulp and paper industry wastes in agriculture as an alternative source of nutrients has recently been under study and discussion. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium lignosulfonate application to soil on photosynthetic leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) and water use efficiency. A pot culture experiment was conducted with cucumber seedlings using five lignosulfonate concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 vol. %) in sandy soil under sufficient or low nutrient availability for plants. The impact of nutrient availability on plant physiological traits was stronger than the lignosulfonate impact. Under the condition of sufficient nutrient availability, the lignosulfonate application decreased N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe use efficiency, increased Mn use efficiency, and did not change water use efficiency. The decrease in nutrient use efficiency was connected with both photosynthetic rate decrease and leaf nutrient content increase. The decline in soil nutrient availability caused a decrease in nutrient and water use efficiency. Under low nutrient availability, soil lignosulfonate tended to increase nutrient and water use efficiency, but it was not successful in eliminating the negative effects of soil nutrient deficiency on plant growth, photosynthetic processes, and efficiency of nutrient use.
Highlights
For agricultural soils with low natural fertility, an application of a wide range of nutrient-rich substrates are recently under discussion [1,2,3]
Soil lignosulfonate tended to increase nutrient and water use efficiency, but it was not successful to eliminate the negative effects of soil nutrient deficiency on plant growth, photosynthetic processes, and efficiency of nutrient use
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium LS application to sandy soil on physiological responses such as plant growth, leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn) accumulation, photosynthesis, nutrient and water use efficiency at the leaf level of Cucumis sativus seedlings
Summary
For agricultural soils with low natural fertility, an application of a wide range of nutrient-rich substrates are recently under discussion [1,2,3]. A range of elements play a critical role in plant photosynthetic processes and the improvement of soil chemical properties by LS, as was shown by Islas-Valdez et al [6], especially for the soils with low natural fertility, hypothetically could improve nutrient accumulation by plant and enhance photosynthetic activity. How this affects the photosynthetic efficiency of nutrient using
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