Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growth in scientific interest in nutraceuticals, which are those nutrients in foods that have beneficial effects on health. Nutraceuticals can be extracted, used for food supplements, or added to foods. There has long been interest in the antiviral properties of nutraceuticals, which are especially topical in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the main nutraceuticals to which antiviral roles have been attributed (either by direct action on viruses or by modulating the immune system), with a focus on the pediatric population. Furthermore, the possible applications of these substances against SARS-CoV-2 will be considered.
Highlights
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) [1]
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, leading to the cytokine storm and blood clotting mechanism, and it exacerbates hypoxia linking an important participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral infection in all direct tissue injury, which terminates in hypoxia and organ failure
We summarize the evidence supporting a role for nutraceuticals such as probiotics, prebiotics, resveratrol, hesperidin, quercetin, lactoferrin, zinc, Omega-3 (Ω-3)
Summary
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) [1]. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, leading to the cytokine storm and blood clotting mechanism, and it exacerbates hypoxia linking an important participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral infection in all direct tissue injury, which terminates in hypoxia and organ failure It reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may interfere with the equilibrium between the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κb) transcription molecule involved in the expression of cytokines and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, responsible for the expression of antioxidant enzymes [8,9,10,11].
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