Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Components from Fish for Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction.

Giulia Chiesa,Marco Busnelli,Stefano Manzini,Cinzia Parolini

doi:10.3390/md14060113

Giulia Chiesa, Marco Busnelli + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/md14060113

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Journal: Marine drugs	Publication Date: Jun 8, 2016
Citations: 160	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Milan

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease remains the most common health problem in developed countries, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. Permanent changes in lifestyle may be hard to achieve and people may not always be motivated enough to make the recommended modifications. Emerging research has explored the application of natural food-based strategies in disease management. In recent years, much focus has been placed on the beneficial effects of fish consumption. Many of the positive effects of fish consumption on dyslipidemia and heart diseases have been attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, i.e., EPA and DHA); however, fish is also an excellent source of protein and, recently, fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have shown promising activities for the prevention/management of cardiovascular disease and associated health complications. The present review will focus on n-3 PUFAs and bioactive peptides effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, since considerable controversy exists regarding the association between n-3 PUFAs and major cardiovascular endpoints, we have also reviewed the main clinical trials supporting or not this association.

Highlights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality in the world, and elevated blood lipids have been strongly associated with increased incidence of CVD
This review examines current recommendations for fish intake, as source of n‐3 polyunsaturated fattyshowed acids (PUFAs) and bioactive and their effects on risk factors for CVD and on specific clinical endpoints
This effect could be the result of the n-3 PUFAs ability to reduce thromboxane A2 synthesis, increase NO production, and affect the autonomic nerve function [54,93,94]

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality in the world, and elevated blood lipids have been strongly associated with increased incidence of CVD. Were challenged by recent clinical trials that failed to replicate protective effects of EPA and DHA researchers from several prospective epidemiological studies reported that high fish consumption on CVD [19] It is, possible that the potential benefit of fish consumption in was associated withtherefore, a lower mortality from coronary artery disease [17,18]. In a recent study, Minihane et al have shown that intakes of EPA + DHA, achievable through the consumption of 2–3 portions of oily fish/week or 2 fish oil capsules/day, reduced systolic blood pressure by 5 mm Hg in isolated systolic hypertensive adult subjects [92] This effect could be the result of the n-3 PUFAs ability to reduce thromboxane A2 synthesis, increase NO production, and affect the autonomic nerve function [54,93,94]

Clinical Trials with n-3 PUFAs

Fish Proteins and Dyslipidemias

Fish Proteins and Hypertension

Fish Proteins and Other Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects

Findings

Conclusions