Nutraceutical Potential of Five Mexican Brown Seaweeds.

Ana Rocío Múzquiz De La Garza,Mireya Tapia-Salazar,Bertha Alicia Barba-Dávila,Janet Alejandra Gutiérrez-Uribe,Denis Ricque-Marie,Julián De La Rosa-Millán,Maribel Maldonado-Muñiz,Lucía Elizabeth Cruz-Suárez,Liliana Santos-Zea

doi:10.1155/2019/3795160

Ana Rocío Múzquiz De La Garza, Mireya Tapia-Salazar + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3795160

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Abstract

In search of pharmaceutically active products to control type 2 diabetes, five brown seaweeds (Silvetia compressa, Cystoseira osmundacea, Ecklonia arborea, Pterygophora californica, and Egregia menziesii) from the Northwest Mexican Pacific coast were investigated. Proximate composition and total polyphenol content (TPC) as phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE) were determined for the five seaweed powders and their respective hydroethanolic (1 : 1) extracts. Extracts were screened for their radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ORAC) and glycosidase inhibitory activity. HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS-TOF, and ATR-FT-IR methodologies were used to identify the most abundant phlorotannins and sulfated polysaccharides in the extracts. Hydroethanolic extracts contained minerals (17 to 59% of the dry matter), proteins (4 to 9%), ethanol-insoluble polysaccharides (5.4 to 53%), nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (24.4 to 70.1%), lipids (5 to 12%), and TPC (2.6 to 47.7 g PGE per 100 g dry extract). S. compressa and E. arborea dry extracts presented the lowest ash content (26 and 17%, respectively) and had some of the highest phenolic (47.7 and 15.2 g PGE per 100 g extract), NFE (57.3 and 70.1%), and soluble polysaccharide (19.7 and 53%) contents. S. compressa and E. arborea extracts had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 DPPH 1.7 and 3.7 mg mL−1; ORAC 0.817 and 0.801 mmol Trolox equivalent/g extract) and the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacities (IC50 940 and 1152 μg mL−1 against α-amylase and 194 and 647 μg mL−1 against α-glucosidase). The most abundant phlorotannins identified in the extracts were phloretol, fucophloroethol, and two- and three-phloroglucinol unit (PGU) phlorotannins. Laminarin, fucoidan, and alginate were among the sulfated polysaccharides identified in the extracts. The bioactivities of S. compressa and E. arborea extracts were mainly related with their contents of three PGU phlorotannins and sulfated polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, laminarin, and alginate). These results suggest S. compressa and E. arborea are potential candidates for food products and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations, and as additives for diabetes management.

Highlights

There are approximately 350 million people currently suffering from diabetes. is number could potentially double by 2030, which would make diabetes the seventh most prevalent cause of death worldwide [1]
Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by α-amylase to oligosaccharides and disaccharides, which are further hydrolyzed to monosaccharides by α-glucosidase
Proximal Composition and Total Polyphenol Content in Seaweeds. e chemical composition of the seaweed samples presented in Table 1 agreed with previous information reported for brown seaweeds [60, 61]

Summary

Introduction

There are approximately 350 million people currently suffering from diabetes (http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/). is number could potentially double by 2030, which would make diabetes the seventh most prevalent cause of death worldwide [1]. Certain synthetic antidiabetic drugs that act by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity (e.g., acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose) are currently available, but they are associated with undesirable side effects, such as liver toxicity and adverse gastrointestinal symptoms [6, 8, 9]. Such adverse effects might be caused by the excessive inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase, resulting in abnormal bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the colon [9]. Is study seeks to screen the antioxidant and glycosidases inhibiting potential of hydroethanolic extracts from these five brown seaweeds, as well as to identify the probable active compounds: phlorotannins (using HPLCDAD and HPLC-MS-TOF methodologies) and sulfated polysaccharides (using ATR/FT-IR methodologies). Rough this process, this study hopes to identify a potential commercial value for these five macroalgae native to Mexico’s Baja California coast and to find candidates for the development of pharmaceutically active products that can control type 2 diabetes

Materials and Methods

Preliminary Identification of Possible Active Compounds

Results and Discussion

Future Perspectives