Abstract

Reduced male fertility can be the result of congenital and acquired urogenital abnormalities, infections of the genital tract, increased scrotal temperature (varicocoele), endocrine disturbances, genetic abnormalities and immunological factors. No causal factor is found in 60-75% of cases (idiopathic male subfertility). These men present with no previous history associated with fertility problems and have normal findings on physical examination and endocrine laboratory testing. Semen analysis reveals a decreased number of spermatozoa (oligozoospermia), decreased motility (asthenozoospermia) and many abnormal forms on morphological examination (teratozoospermia). These abnormalities usually occur together and are described as the oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome.

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