Abstract
Moringa oleifera like many other plants possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging property, which could be helpful in reducing the oxidative stress caused by cadmium chloride, maintaining the antioxidant potential and significantly reducing elevated electrolytes and serum biomarker values in the rats. This study was designed to evaluate the nutraceuticals from Moringa oleifera and its protective ability against cadmium chloride-induced hypertension in albino rats. Rats were induced with cadmium chloride to elicit hypertension. The study was a total number of 50 rats grouped in five different groups of 10 per group; the Control Group, Hypertensive Group, Standard group, methanol group and n-hexane group. Biochemical analysis was done on renal function and liver biomarkers by spectrophotometry method of analysis. Standard methods were used to estimate the serum Urea and Creatinine, Electrolyte and Calcium. Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alanine Phosphatase (ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin. One way ANOVA was used for analysis of the collected data and was expressed as Mean ± SEM. The result of Hypertensive group showed significant increase in sodium level (p ) and chloridr when compared with Control and other test groups. There was significant decrease in Sodium level of Standard drug, methanol Moringa and n-hexane Moringa oleifera groups when compared with the hypertensive Control. Moringa oleifera study groups exhibited significant decrease in Total bilirubin and Conjugated Bilirubin values. The liver and kidney tissues showed distorted patchy necrotic areas on the Hypertensive groups while Standard and Test groups showed normal histological cells or. The cardiac tissue did not show any sign, may suggest that cadmium is mainly accumulated in kidneys and liver, not in the heart or cardiac tissues or cells.
Highlights
Abundant polyphenols from natural compound possess intense antioxidant effects and can reduce oxidative damage in tissues by removing free radical [1; 2; 3; 4]
The study findings suggest that Moringa oleifera possesses some nutraceuticals capable of protection against hypertension
Moringa oleifera is a rich source of various natural bioactive compounds that is known to assist in maintenance of human health and Corresponding author: Henrrietta Ogadimma Nnadi Biomedical Technology Option, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Summary
Abundant polyphenols from natural compound possess intense antioxidant effects and can reduce oxidative damage in tissues by removing free radical [1; 2; 3; 4]. There are strong antioxidant activities in Moringa oleifera extracts from tender to mature leaves against free radicals which prevent oxidative damage due to the enrichment of polyphenols [5]. Cadmium has been shown to be possible factor in arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertension.[16] Cadmium chloride induces lipid peroxidation by stimulating the production of superoxide anions and inhibits antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, it causes accumulation of free radicals that damage the cells and produce chronic disease [17]. Moringa oleifera possess free radicals and antioxidant scavenging property, which could reduce the oxidative stress caused by cadmium, thereby maintained the antioxidant potential, reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and significantly reduced increased serum biomarker levels in the body [19]. Evidences of efficacy of Moringa oleifera against cadmium chloride-induced cardio protective and hepatoprotective effects of some liver, kidney and heart parameters in hypertensive albino rats were scanty, this study was designed for such investigation
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