Abstract
Grape production has a long history in the Elazig province and surrounding vicinity and produced grapes have been used for table consumption and also processed into traditional beverages, Şıra (special non-alcoholic grape juice) and wine. In the Elazig province, the main grape cultivars are ‘Ağın Beyazı’, ‘Öküzgözü’, ‘Boğazkere’, ‘Şilfoni’, ‘Tahannebi’, and ‘Köhnü’. Among them, ‘Köhnü’ cultivar is highly preferred by consumers due to its black color and perfect berry characteristics. The cultivar has grown for centuries in different parts of Elazig and shows a great variability for most of its morphological and biochemical characteristics. In the present study, we aimed to determine morphological and biochemical traits in six ‘Köhnü’ clones sampled from Elazığ. The cluster weight of six clones was found between 334–394 g. The highest total phenolic content was observed in seeds followed by peel and pulp samples. The seed extract of Clone 2 had the highest total phenolic content at 254 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight. The results also showed that peel, pulp, and seed samples of ‘Köhnü’ grape clones had considerable amounts of antioxidant components determined by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and TEAC assays and might be rich sources of natural antioxidants. Among the six ‘Köhnü’ clones, Clone 3, and Clone 6 differed from the others in respect to the highest cluster weight, the highest concentrations of total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results also implied that all clones could be used potentially as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible pharmaceutical supplement.
Highlights
Turkey, a bridge between Asia and Europe, is one of the most important countries for horticulture
Quantifications were calculated through a calibration curve prepared daily with known concentrations of gallic acid (GA) standards, and the results are expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (Gallic acid equivalent) per 100 g of fresh weight (FW)
Karaman et al [23] reported that the total phenolic content in grape berries cultivar dependent and seeds was found to be richer than peels of all grape cultivars used
Summary
A bridge between Asia and Europe, is one of the most important countries for horticulture. Scientific studies conducted around the world in recent years have revealed that plants, especially horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables, and grapes), have very important functions in terms of human health. They include a high content of non-nutritive, nutritive, and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, as well as nutritive compounds such as sugars, essential oils, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. The aim of this study is to obtain substantial knowledge on morphological traits, bioactive content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of different ‘Köhnü’ grape clones widely produced in Elazig province in Turkey
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