Abstract
Objective: To identify in the literature the strategies used by nursing teams to prevent pressure injury in surgical patients. Methods: Integrative review, using the PICo strategy, with the guiding question: “What are the strategies used by the nursing team to prevent pressure injury in surgical patients?” The searches were performed in the Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus and LILACS bibliographic index via VHL, from where 12 studies were analyzed. Results: Brazil stood out with four publications and cohort studies, with level of evidence IV, prevailed in six articles. Technological interventions for the prevention of Pressure Injury in the operating room were pressure distribution mattresses, a device to reduce pressure on the calcaneus, specific validated instruments for the classification of the risk of Pressure Injury in surgical patients, in addition to support surfaces containing polymer viscoelastic and other tools to relieve pressure from weight and medical devices. Regarding educational interventions, protocols, training and realistic simulation stood out. Conclusion: It was observed that these strategies reduced the incidence of pressure injury, in addition to reducing costs and ensuring patient satisfaction.
Highlights
A pressure injury (PI), characterized as a damage located in the skin and/or in underlying soft tissues, generally on a bone prominence or related to the use of medical devices or other artifacts, affects the surgical patient due to prolonged immobility or intense pressure during surgical procedures, because the effect of anesthesia blocks sensitivity to pain and excessive pressure
This study aims to identify in the literature the strategies used by the nursing team to prevent pressure lesions in surgical patients
Interventions applied in the prevention of PI are directly related to pressure relief during and after the patient ’s stay on the standard operating table mattress
Summary
A pressure injury (PI), characterized as a damage located in the skin and/or in underlying soft tissues, generally on a bone prominence or related to the use of medical devices or other artifacts, affects the surgical patient due to prolonged immobility or intense pressure during surgical procedures, because the effect of anesthesia blocks sensitivity to pain and excessive pressure. In this sense, pressures greater than 32 mmHg result in an occlusion of the blood flow, providing tissue ischemia and, PI1,2. Effective strategies used by the nursing team, such as health education, change of decubitus, use of devices and equipment to relieve pressure, are essential to maintain patient safety in the operating room and prevent PI, in addition to ensuring the quality of care provided[5]
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