Nursing protocol: artificial airway management.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether homecare workers can detect signs and symptoms indicative of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in homecare patients, using a standardized observation list.This observational study involved 115 patients cared for by 2 homecare organizations in The Netherlands between April 2011 and August 2011. During routine home visits, homecare workers filled out a standardized observation list of signs and symptoms indicative of potential ADRs, namely, gastrointestinal and other bleedings, electrolyte disturbances, renal and heart failure, digoxin intoxication, constipation, disturbances of diabetic control, and falls. Their observations were compared against the medications that the patients were using and their known side effects, by a panel of clinical pharmacology experts. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values of the standardized observations were calculated.In total, 234 signs and symptoms indicative of potential ADRs were observed by the homecare workers, 116 (49.6%) of which were considered drug related. More than one-half of the observed signs of gastrointestinal bleeding could be considered as drug related. Observed dizziness (64.1%) and drowsiness (53.3%) could be drug related in most cases, as could most cases (71.4%) of fainting spells (indicative of renal or heart failure). Seventeen of 20 observed falls could be drug related. The specificity of the standardized observation list was high, varying from 0.70 (confidence interval 0.62–0.77) to 0.97 (confidence interval 0.95–0.98).Signs and symptoms indicative of potential ADRs recorded by homecare workers using a standardized observation list can aid in the early recognition of ADRs in homecare patients.