NURSES ROLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE INJURY

Abstract

Pressure injury, also referred to as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are debilitating wounds that develop when prolonged pressure is applied to the skin, resulting in localized tissue damage and compromised blood flow. These injuries often occur in areas where bony prominence come into contact with surfaces such as beds, chairs, or medical devices. The National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) defines pressure injury as "localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction." This definition highlights the multi-factorial nature of pressure injury development, which can involve not only pressure but also shear forces and friction. The importance of managing pressure injury cannot be overstated, as they pose significant health risks and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.More importantly, pressure injury can impair mobility, hinder rehabilitation efforts, and prolong hospitalization, resulting in increased healthcare costs and diminished quality of life. Pressure injury is the third most expensive disorder after cardiovascular diseases and cancer (Agrawal & Chauhan, 2012 as cited in Nkor M.M.,2022). Objectives : the objectives of this study includes , identification of various risk factors influencing the development of pressure injury, outlining assessment techniques for pressure injury, standardized tools used for pressure injury assessment, stages of pressure injury, nursing interventions for pressure injury and evidence base wound care techniques for various stages. Summary: In summary, pressure injuries remain a significant healthcare challenge, particularly for individuals with limited mobility or underlying health conditions. Effective prevention, assessment, and management of pressure injuries require a multifaceted approach that incorporates evidence-based practices, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centered care.