Abstract
This paper showed different plume behaviors of exhausts from different number of stacks of the container ship, using CFD code PHOENICS version 6.0. The plume behavior was quantitatively analyzed by mass fraction of the pollutant in the exhaust and plume heights. Three simplified typical configurations were constructed by CFD according to the investigation of container ships. The configurations included a single main stack (BL1), one main stack and multiple auxiliary stacks (BL2), and two main stacks and multiple auxiliary stacks (BL3). All the main stacks had the same emission characteristics, and all the auxiliary stacks had the same emission characteristics. The results show that the transmission and diffusion characteristics of the exhaust from multiple stacks are different from those of the exhaust from a single stack. In BL2 and BL3 simulations, the maximum mass fraction of SO2 in the exhaust (C1max) of multiple stack emissions was approximately 329% and 269% higher than that of single stack emissions over the main stack, respectively, and the plume height of multiple stack emissions is higher than that of single stack emissions. In BL2 and BL3 simulations, the plume height of multiple stack emissions was 41% and 75% higher than that of single stack emissions, respectively. The increase of C1max, due to multiple stack emissions, is weakened as the distance of the stacks increase. The difference in plume behavior between multiple stack emissions and single stack emissions is of great significance for air quality management and pollution control in port areas.
Highlights
With the development of international trade and globalization, ship emissions have a significant impact on air pollution [1] and may influence the global and local environment, human health, and quality of life, especially in offshore and coastal areas [2,3,4,5,6]
The results of the numerical simulation by CFD code PHOENICS version 6.0 were quantified analyzed to clarified the difference in C1max, C11km and the plume heights between multiple stack emissions and single stack emissions
Three simplified typical configurations on multiple stacks of the container ship were established based on real ships
Summary
With the development of international trade and globalization, ship emissions have a significant impact on air pollution [1] and may influence the global and local environment, human health, and quality of life, especially in offshore and coastal areas [2,3,4,5,6]. The study compared the results of CFD with measurement results, demonstrating the usefulness of CFD as a tool to simulate the exhaust plume emitted from ship funnel. Previous studies assumed that multiple stacks on container ships were a single whole unit, without considering that the plume behavior of the exhaust from multiple stacks may be different from that of the exhaust from a single stack, due to the concentrated release of hot smoke. This may lead to measurement errors in the study conducted on regional scale. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 600 between single stack emissions and multiple stack emissions, providing technical support and theoretical basis for subsequent ship pollution simulation research
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