Abstract
The Euler-Euler numerical method was used to investigate the effects of contraction ratio on twophase flow mixing with mass transfer in the flow injection nozzle. The geometric shape of the nozzle was modified to improve carbonation efficiency. A gas inlet hole was created to increase the flow mixing of CO2 with water. A nozzle throat was also introduced to increase the gas dissolution by increasing flow rates. Various contraction ratios of nozzle throat, inlet gas and liquid velocities, and gas bubble sizes were employed to determine their effects on gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient. Results revealed that the flow injection nozzle with high contraction ratios improved carbonation because of high gas hold-up. Gas concentration was directly related to contraction ratio and gas flow velocities. Carbonation reduced when high liquid velocities and large gas bubbles were employed because of inefficient flow mixing. This study indicated that flow injection nozzle with large contraction ratios were suitable for carbonation because of their ability to increase gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient.
Highlights
Carbonated beverages are prepared by dissolving CO2 in water with minimum amount of gas bubbles produced.How to cite this paper: Ali, H., Kim, K.W., Kim, J.S., Choi, J.Y. and Park, C.W. (2016) Numerical Study on the Effects of Contraction Ratio in a Two-Phase Flow Injection Nozzle
The nozzle with a contraction ratio (CR) of 4 exhibited the highest gas concentration magnitude and enhanced carbonation. These findings imply that the nozzle throat with high CRs and gas flow rates would increase carbonation because of high gas concentrations caused by effective liquid recirculation [5] [9] [15]
This study investigated the effects of contraction ratio on gas-liquid flow mixing with mass transfer in the flow injection nozzle
Summary
Carbonated beverages are prepared by dissolving CO2 in water with minimum amount of gas bubbles produced.How to cite this paper: Ali, H., Kim, K.W., Kim, J.S., Choi, J.Y. and Park, C.W. (2016) Numerical Study on the Effects of Contraction Ratio in a Two-Phase Flow Injection Nozzle. Carbonated beverages are prepared by dissolving CO2 in water with minimum amount of gas bubbles produced. (2016) Numerical Study on the Effects of Contraction Ratio in a Two-Phase Flow Injection Nozzle. Carbonating machines generally employ a flow injection nozzle to supply water during continuous carbonation. CO2 is not completely dissolved in the carbonating tank because of high gas and water flow rates. A small opening is created in the flow injection nozzle to allow CO2 to enter into the nozzle and mix effectively with water. The gas bubbles tend to rise vertically and gather in the center of the nozzle at high gas flow rates, thereby leading to liquid circulation. Radial gas accumulation causes flow recirculation in the nozzle. Flow recirculation is essential for carbonation because it facilitates gas dissolution [1] [2]
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