Abstract
The ocean is an indispensable source of energy for tropical cyclones (TCs). TCs enable extraction of heat and moisture from the sea surface through the transfer of turbulent heat energy in the atmospheric boundary layer. TCs are often generated where sea-surface temperature (SST) is higher than 26.5oC (Palmen, 1948), and they intensify in areas that have high SST and deep oceanic mixed layer, thus having high upper-ocean heat content. Previous studies reported that TC intensity is related to ‘tropical-cyclone heat potential’, which is oceanic heat content integrated from the surface to the depth of the 26°C-isotherm (Wada & Usui, 2007; Wada, 2010). However, most of people believe that TCs intensify when SST is higher than 26-28oC.
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