Numerical Study on Generalized Heat and Mass in Casson Fluid with Hybrid Nanostructures.

Haitham M S Bahaidarah,Muhammad A Sadiq

doi:10.3390/nano11102675

Haitham M S Bahaidarah, Muhammad A Sadiq

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102675

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Abstract

The rheological model for yield stress exhibiting fluid and the basic laws for fluid flow and transport of heat and mass are used for the formulation of problems associated with the enhancement of heat and mass due to dispersion of nanoparticles in Casson. The heat and mass transfer obey non-Fourier’s laws and the generalized Fick’s law, respectively. Model problems are incorporated by thermal relaxation times for heat and mass. Transfer of heat energy and relaxation time are inversely proportional, and the same is the case for mass transport and concentration relaxation time. A porous medium force is responsible for controlling the momentum thickness. The yield stress parameter and diffusion of momentum in Casson fluid are noticed to be inversely proportional with each other. The concentration gradient enhances the energy transfer, and temperature gradient causes an enhancement diffusion of solute in Casson fluid. FEM provides convergent solutions. The relaxation time phenomenon is responsible for the restoration of thermal and solutal changes. Due to that, the thermal and solutal equilibrium states can be restored. The phenomenon of yield stress is responsible for controlling the momentum boundary layer thickness. A porous medium exerts a retarding force on the flow, and therefore, a deceleration in flow is observed. The thermal efficiency of Casson fluid is greater than the thermal efficiency of Casson fluid.

Highlights

The diverse rheological behavior of non-Newtonian fluid motivated researchers to propose diverse rheological models
The simplest rheological model for the incompressible flow of Casson fluid is given by τ = − PI + 1 +
The simulations are visualized, and the outcomes are displayed in the form of graphs and numerical data

Summary

Introduction

The diverse rheological behavior of non-Newtonian fluid motivated researchers to propose diverse rheological models. Each model captures some specific rheological features. Casson rheological model is a non-Newtonian rheological model and captures yield stress rheological features. This means, to some extent, Casson fluid behaves like a solid and, after some specific value of applied stress, it starts behaving like a fluid. This specific value of applied stress is called yield stress. The simplest rheological model for the incompressible flow of Casson fluid is given by τ = − PI + 1 +

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