Abstract
This study investigates numerically gaseous CO2 leakage characteristics inside the containers of a transport ship and examines thermal effects on the structural damage that might happen in the containers. First, with consideration of the phase change, the ejected mass flow rate was estimated using the commercial code of DNV PHAST. Based on this estimated mass flow rate, we introduced an effective area model for accounting for the fast evaporation of liquefied CO2 occurring in the vicinity of a crack hole. Using this leakage modeling, along with a concept of the effective area, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing transient three-dimensional characteristics of gas propagation in a confined space with nine containers, as well as the thermal effect on the walls on which the leaking gas impinges, were conducted. The commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT V. 17.0, was used for all CFD simulations. It was found that there are substantial changes in the pressure and temperature of the gas mixture for different crack sizes. The CO2 concentration at human nasal height, a measure of clear height for safety, was also estimated to be higher than the safety threshold of 10% within 200 s. Moreover, very cold gas created by the evaporation of liquefied CO2 can cool the cargo walls rapidly, which might cause thermal damage.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases; it is still emitted into the environment from large industrial facilities
Rapid expansion occurs after leakage, as discussed above, and the gas with high velocity generated by the phase change and rapid volume expansion was considered in phase with high velocity generated by the phase change and rapid volume expansion was considered the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation
The present study investigated CO2 gas propagation and thermal characteristics in a tank of a transport ship numerically by using two commercial codes
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases; it is still emitted into the environment from large industrial facilities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have been developed as an option to stabilize the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere [1]. The CCS chain consists of three stages: capture, transportation, and storage [2]. Ocean storage is becoming the most promising approach to sequestering CO2 due to the large capacity of deep saline aquifers [3]. Pipelines have recently been developed for transporting CO2 , there are major obstacles related to the initial installation, as well as maintenance costs [4]. CO2 shipping vessels (or water carriers) are more attractive alternatives when considering maintenance costs [5]
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