Abstract
The pressure driven, fully developed turbulent flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in curved ducts of square cross-section is studied numerically by making use of a finite volume method. A nonlinear K -1 model is used to represent the turbulence. The results for both straight and curved ducts are presented. For the case of fully developed turbulent flow in straight ducts, the secondary flow is characterized by an eight-vortex structure for which the computed flowfield is shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data. The introduction of moderate curvature is shown to cause a substantial increase in the strength of the secondary flow and to change the secondary flow pattern to either a double-vortex or a four-vortex configuration.
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