Abstract
The purpose of this work is to determine, based on the computational model, whether a mixture of a binary liquid is capable of producing longer, thinner and faster gas-focused micro-jets, compared to the mono-constituent liquids of its components. Mixtures of water with two different alcohols, water + ethanol and water + 2-propanol, are considered. The numerical study of pre-mixed liquids is performed in the double flow focusing nozzle geometry used in sample delivery in serial femtosecond crystallography experiments. The study reveals that an optimal mixture for maximizing the jet length exists both in a water + ethanol and in a water + 2-propanol system. Additionally, the use of 2-propanol instead of ethanol results in a 34% jet length increase, while the jet diameters and velocities are similar for both mixtures. Pure ethanol and pure 2-propanol are the optimum liquids to achieve the smallest diameter and the fastest jets. However, the overall aim is to find a mixture with the longest, the smallest and the fastest jet. Based on our simulations, it appears that water + 2-propanol mixture might be slightly better than water + ethanol. This study reveals the dominant effect of liquid viscosity on the jet breakup process in a flow focusing nozzles operated under atmospheric conditions.
Highlights
One of ofthe themain mainconclusions conclusionsofofthe the present work is that length of micro-jets in
One present work is that thethe length of micro-jets in the the
double flow focusing nozzle (DFFN) operated under the atmospheric conditions is predominantly determined by the the liquid viscosity, with higher viscosity values being associated with longer jets
Summary
Microfluidics explores the phenomena associated with liquid materials at microscopic scales where the typical sizes are measured in micrometres. These micro fluidical structures take many different forms, ranging from bubbles, droplets, jets, and sheets [1]. Production of micro-jets is essential for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) experiments [2] These experiments are typically performed with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), which enable collecting useful data on submicron crystals. In these experiments, a liquid micro-jet delivers organic nanocrystals into the pulsed X-ray beam.
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