Abstract
In this study, we use a bond-based peridynamic approach to investigate the mechanical strength and cracking of composite materials with spherical inclusions. The total volume fraction of particles and the particle-matrix toughness ratio were varied to cover a range of soft to hard inclusions. The mean particle damage was characterized together with crack patterns at a sub-particle scale. Three types of crack patterns are identified depending on the toughness ratio.
Highlights
Damage and failure of materials including a granular phase is crucial in numerous natural processes and industrial applications
The case of tough inclusions was studied in detail by several authors for various applications such as the failure of concrete [1], the milling of wheat [2], the strength of particle-enriched composites [3]
A major advantage of this approach is its versatile nature in application to discontinuities such as pores, cracks and jumps in mechanical properties. . . allowing one to simulate crack patterns [6, 7]
Summary
Damage and failure of materials including a granular phase is crucial in numerous natural processes and industrial applications. We use a bond-based peridynamic approach to investigate this transition from fragile to tough inclusions in particle-laden composites. The bond-based peridynamic approach has been successfully applied for modeling elastic brittle materials [7] including the dynamic effects and fracture The main advantage is to simplify the treatment of the discontinuities in the material We use this method for its versatile and simple implementation to investigate the cracking of composites with soft and hard inclusions. We use the so-called bond-based approach in which we only consider radial pairwise forces f that depend on both ξ and η [19]. EαGα, where Gα is the fracture energy of the phase α
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