Numerical study of non-Newtonian Jeffreys fluid from a permeable horizontal isothermal cylinder in non-Darcy porous medium

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the non-linear steady free convection heat and mass transfer of an incompressible Jeffrey’s non-Newtonian fluid from a permeable horizontal isothermal cylinder in a non-Darcy porous medium. A non-Darcy drag force model is employed to simulate the effects of linear porous media drag and second-order Forchheimer drag. The transformed conservation equations are solved numerically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using a versatile, implicit, finite difference technique. The numerical code is validated with previous studies. The influence of a number of emerging non-dimensional parameters, namely Deborah number (De), surface suction parameter (f w ), Prandtl number (Pr), ratio of relaxation to retardation times (λ), Darcy number (Da), Forchheimer inertial parameter (Λ) and dimensionless tangential coordinate (ξ) on velocity, temperature and concentration evolution in the boundary layer regime are examined in detail. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters on surface heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and local skin friction are also investigated. It is observed that velocity decreases with increasing Deborah number and Forchheimer parameter, whereas temperature and concentration are enhanced. Increasing λ and Da enhances velocity but reduces temperature and concentration. The heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate are found to decrease with increasing Deborah number, De, and increase with increasing λ. Local skin friction is found to decrease with a rise in Deborah number whereas it is elevated with increasing values of relaxation to retardation time ratio (λ). Increasing suction decelerates the flow and also cools the boundary layer, i.e., reduces temperature and also concentration. With increasing tangential coordinate, the flow is decelerated; whereas, the temperature and concentration are enhanced.