Numerical study of non-Darcian effects on jet impingement cooling in a horizontal porous layer in the mixed convection regime

Abstract

In the present study, the non-Darcian effects are investigated for the jet impingement cooling of a heated surface immersed in a confined porous channel with Brinkman–Forchheimer–extended Darcy (BFD) model. The results are presented for mixed convection with wide ranges of governing parameters, which are: — Rayleigh number ( Ra), Péclet number ( Pe), Darcy number ( Da), porosity ( φ) and inertial coefficient ( C F ). The results of mixed convection mode have been demonstrated and is found to cause minimum average Nusselt number ( N u ― ) in the mixed convection regime. For low values of Pe, increasing Ra and decreasing Da lead to the increase in N u ― . When Pe increases to a high value, the effect of Ra and the effect of Da for Darcy regime ( Da ≤ 10 − 4) is negligible. The heat transfer rate for Da in the non-Darcy regime is higher than that of the Darcy regime when Pe is high. The effects of C F and φ are only significant in the region of forced convection domination for the non-Darcy regime, in which the increase in C F or φ reduces N u ― .