Abstract
Penetration of chemicals in the soil ground through irrigation water or rainfall induces important risks for the environment. These risks are badly known and may lead to direct contamination of the environment (atmosphere or ground water) or harmful effects on organisms living at ground level, indirectly affecting men. It is thus necessary to estimate these potential chemical risks on the environment. For that reason, the gradual change of these products (fertilizers, solutions, pollutants, ...) in the ground has been the subject of a lot of recent research works, based in particular on the study of non-saturated porous media in a theoretical, numerical or experimental way. Most of these works are incomplete and, in order to simplify the problem, they don’t take into accounts some process, which may be of prime importance under particular natural conditions. Complexity of such studies results from their multidisciplinary nature. In this communication, we study simultaneous transport of pollutant, the water that provides transport and the heat transfer in a 200 cm long cylindrical column full of sand taken as a non-saturated porous medium. We consider two kinds of conditions on the temperature at the column surface: the case of constant temperature and the case of sinusoidal temperature. We evaluate the influence of this temperature on the transfers. This study is purely numerical. We use the control volume method to determine hydrous, thermal and pollutant concentration profiles.
Highlights
The study of the vertical and horizontal isothermal transfers of a contaminant in an unsaturated homogeneous porous medium has been the object of an important literature treating the numerical [1]-[6] and experimental [4] [7]-[10] aspect
The velocity of humidity penetration decreases with time due to the soil saturation
With the increase in depth, the layers are less influenced by the heat transfer, their time to increase/decrease the temperature is bigger than in the soil surface
Summary
The transfers in solutions in the ground result from a set of phenomena whose knowledge should make it possible to improve management of the irrigation and spreading in agricultural medium, double point of view of the prevention of the contamination of underground water and economy of fertilisers Among these phenomena, the purely physical aspect of the transfers constitutes a whole of convection and dispersion mechanisms whose study, in natural environment, is essential for the comprehension of pollutant evolution in the ground. The temperature of the ground presents continual variations under the influence of the climatic conditions, which are carried out in a relatively stable way according to periodic cycles. The first one is constant and equal to 40 ̊C; the other one is sinusoidal given by real climatic measurements of Marrakesh (Morocco)
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