Abstract
In the present paper, numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer proceeding in a two-dimensional axially symmetrical articular cartilage sample subjected to a cryopreservation process is presented. In the model under consideration, interval parameters were assumed. The heat transfer process is described using the Fourier interval equation, while the cryoprotectant transport (DMSO) across the cell membrane is analyzed using a two-parameter model taking into account the simulation of the water volume in the chondrocytes and the change in DMSO concentration over time. The liquidus tracking (LT) protocol introduced by Pegg et al. was used to model the cryopreservation process. This procedure divides the heating and cooling phases into eight and seven steps, respectively, allowing precise regulation of temperature and cryoprotectant (CPA) concentration of bathing solutions. This protocol protects chondrocytes from ice crystal, osmotic stress, and electrolyte damage. The obtained interval concentrations of cryoprotectant in chondrocytes were compared with previous simulations obtained using the deterministic model and they are mostly in agreement with the simulation data.
Highlights
Cryopreservation is the storage of cells, tissues, or other biological structure at low temperatures without injuring them
The disadvantage is the possibility of tissue injury caused by ice crystal formation
4–8 M), which increases the risk of tissue damage through CPA toxicity and the possibility of osmotic shock to cells [2,3]. Cells such as chondrocytes in articular cartilage are susceptible to injury due to the forming of ice crystals, which makes cryopreservation using conventional methods difficult [4]
Summary
Cryopreservation is the storage of cells, tissues, or other biological structure at low temperatures without injuring them. 4–8 M), which increases the risk of tissue damage through CPA toxicity and the possibility of osmotic shock to cells [2,3] Cells such as chondrocytes in articular cartilage are susceptible to injury due to the forming of ice crystals, which makes cryopreservation using conventional methods difficult [4]. The temperatures in the sample are above or on the liquidus line (the melting point is changed by the CPA impact) This prevents ice crystallization and the exposition of the cryopreserved tissues to high concentrations of CPA at the same time [4]. The paper presents the numerical analysis of the process of CPA transport across cell membrane during cryopreservation of articular cartilage samples This model is weakly coupled to macroscale phenomena, such as heat and mass transfer, in the extracellular matrix. The interval results are compared with simulations data from Yu et al [13]
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