Numerical study of flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid past a vertical cone

Abstract

An efficient Legendre-Galerkin approach is used to study the nanofluid flow along an upward cone and how heat transfers under the effects of heat generation and thermal radiation. The flow is subjected to a strong, uniform transverse magnetic field that is perpendicular to the cone surface. The dominant equations and boundary conditions are introduced in a useful form for calculation using appropriate transformations with relevant variables. The Galerkin technique with the Legendre functions as a basis is utilized to solve the resulting nonlinear equations set. The effects of magnetic parameters, Eckert number, heat source, and Hall factors on fluid temperature, fluid velocity profiles, local skin-friction coefficient, and Nusselt number have been investigated and presented in tables and graphs. A good degree of agreement is discovered after testing the proposed approach with particular cases from earlier research in the literature. Using 10% nanoparticle nanofluid instead of 5% nanoparticle nanofluid improves the surface mechanical characteristics. As a result, the heat transfer rate rises by 10–40% when nanofluid is used instead of pure fluid. Consequently, the cooling process speeds and the surface's hardness and strength enhance.