Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations for the prediction of added resistance and ship motions at various ship speeds and wave steepnesses for the KVLCC2 are presented. These are calculated using URANS CFD and 3-D potential methods, both in regular head seas. Numerical analysis is focused on the added resistance and the vertical ship motions for a wide range of wave conditions at stationary, operating and design speeds. Firstly, the characteristics of the CFD and the 3-D potential method are presented. Simulations of various wave conditions at design speed are used as a validation study, and then simulations are carried out at stationary and operating speed. Secondly, unsteady wave patterns and time history results of the added resistance and the ship motions are simulated and analysed at each ship speed using the CFD tool. Finally, the relationship between the added resistance and the vertical ship motions is studied in detail and the non-linearity of the added resistance and ship motions with the varying wave steepness are investigated. Systematic studies of the numerical computations at various ship speeds are conducted as well as the grid convergence tests, to show that the numerical results have a reasonable agreement with the available EFD results.
Highlights
More than ever, the reduction of ship pollution and emissions, maximisation of energy efficiency, enhancement of safety requirements and minimization of operational expenditure are required and sought
The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations at 15.5 knots, which corresponds to the Froude Number (Fn) of 0.142, are carried out and the simulation results are compared with the available experimental data
The time histories of the total resistance and the ship motions in waves calculated using the CFD method were examined at zero, design and operational speed taking into account the unsteady wave patterns and viscous effects
Summary
The reduction of ship pollution and emissions, maximisation of energy efficiency, enhancement of safety requirements and minimization of operational expenditure are required and sought. Accurate prediction of the added resistance in waves is essential to evaluate the additional power requirement, to assess the full environmental impact and to design ships with high fuel efficiency in realistic operating conditions. This can be combined with other operational measures to ensure greater efficiency, such as voyage planning and weather routing. The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued new regulations to improve the energy efficiency level of ships and to reduce carbon emissions. Guidelines for determining minimum propulsion power to maintain the manoeuvrability of a ship in adverse weather conditions (IMO, 2013) have been developed for safe manoeuvring
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
