Abstract
Microshock tubes are always used to induce shock waves and supersonic flows in aerospace and medical engineering fields. A needle-free drug delivery device including a microshock tube and an expanded nozzle is used for delivering solid drug powders through the skin surface without any injectors or pain. Therefore, to improve the performance of needle-free drug delivery devices, it is significantly important to investigate shock waves and particle-gas flows induced by microshock tubes. Even though shock waves and multiphase flows discharged from microshock tubes have been studied for several decades, the characteristics of unsteady particle-gas flows are not well known to date. In the present studies, three microshock tube models were used for numerical simulations. One microshock tube model with closed end was used to observe the reflected shock wave and flow characteristics behind it. The other two models are designed with a supersonic nozzle and a sonic nozzle at the exit of the driven section, respectively, to investigate particle-gas flows induced by different nozzles. Discrete phase method (DPM) was used to simulate unsteady particle-gas flows and the discrete random walk model was chosen to record the unsteady particle tracking. Numerical results were obtained for comparison with those from experimental pressure measurement and particle visualization. Shock wave propagation was observed to agree well with experimental results from numerical simulations. Particles were accelerated at the exit of microshock tube due to the reservoir pressure induced by reflected shock wave. Both sonic and supersonic nozzles were underexpanded at the end of microshock tubes. Particle velocity was calculated to be smaller than gas velocity, which results from larger drag of injected particles.
Highlights
During the past several decades, microshock tubes as devices to induce shock waves and supersonic flows have been widely used in mechanical, aerospace, and medical engineering fields, such as microcombustions, explosion, and needle-free drug delivery devices
If the diaphragm pressure ratio is extremely high, the diaphragm is ruptured naturally. It should be punctured by using a needle manually. e incident shock wave induced by a microshock tube is always a normal shock wave, while it becomes oblique shock wave after it is reflected by the end wall in the driven section in a closed-ended microshock tube
The 2D half computational domain was used in CFD study, but the shock wave moving in the microshock tube was not symmetrical with respect to the center line in the experimental test. e adiabatic walls were used for the numerical simulations, so the heat transfer between the shock heated air and tube walls was ignored
Summary
During the past several decades, microshock tubes as devices to induce shock waves and supersonic flows have been widely used in mechanical, aerospace, and medical engineering fields, such as microcombustions, explosion, and needle-free drug delivery devices. A microshock tube consists of a driver section in high pressure and a driven section in low pressure which are separated by a thin diaphragm. If the diaphragm pressure ratio is extremely high, the diaphragm is ruptured naturally. Otherwise, it should be punctured by using a needle manually. E incident shock wave induced by a microshock tube is always a normal shock wave, while it becomes oblique shock wave after it is reflected by the end wall in the driven section in a closed-ended microshock tube. High pressure and temperature flows are generated downstream of the reflected shock wave
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